A word written only with kana never has okurigana, by definition, as okurigana only refers to kana after kanji (no kanji, no okurigana). Also, a suffix, auxiliary verb, or second word written with kana after a word written with kanji is not an okurigana. (example: suru is not an okurigana, despite frequently coming after kanji)
Generally, the okurigana is okurigana is written with hiragana, although in the past katakana was used too.
Okurigana vs. Inflections
The okurigana is often found in verbs and adjectives, and the kana is used to conjugate and inflect them.Note, however, that the term okurigana does not refer to the part that can be inflected in a word. It just happens to be that part. The okurigana is always just the kana after the kanji in a word, used to determinate the reading of the kanji.
There are words with okurigana that are nouns or adverbs. For example: tashika 確か, "indeed," is neither a verb nor an adjective but has okurigana.
Furthermore, a verb written without kanji, like itta いった, "said," does not have okurigana, only when it's written with kanji, itta 言った, that the tta gets called okurigana.
With Kun'yomi
Historically, the okurigana is meant to be used with okurigana was used to disambiguate the reading, and, consequently, the meaning and word.This means that the kanji of a word such osoi 遅い, this kanji: 遅, has the kun'yomi reading of osoi, the whole thing, including the i. Even though when it's written it looks like the kanji 遅 is read as oso 遅 and there's an i い in front of it, so you'd think the kun'yomi reading is just oso.
In reality, the kun'yomi are how Japanese words are read, so 遅 has the kun'yomi readings (represents the Japanese words) osoi, "slow," and okureru, "to be late." The okurigana disambiguates the exact word: osoi 遅い if the okurigana is い, and okureru 遅れる if the okurigana is れる.
With On'yomi
Most words that have do not have okurigana, since those are not based on Japanese, but on Chinese.A couple of notes:
First, suru is not okurigana, it's an auxiliary verb. So kekkon suru 結婚する, "to marry," has no okurigana, even though there are kana after the kanji. Because those are two separate words (kekkon and suru) and not a single word mixing kanji and kana.
Second, jiru じる might be okurigana (I'm not very sure, but it seems it technically is, at least according to mfuji-san on HiNative:
So words like kanjiru 感じる, "to feel," shinjiru 信じる, "to believe," and kanji 感じ, "feeling," do have okurigana despite the kanji being read with on'yomi.
However, jiru じる comes from zuru ずる, an old way to say suru する with a shin suru 信する, it was said shinzuru 信ずる, and now, in modern Japanese, it became shinjiru 信じる.
So, although suru is not okurigana, jiru, which originates from suru, is okurigana. Not that any of these technicalities matter, though.
Words Written Without Okurigana
Sometimes, a word which is normally written with okurigana ends up being written without the okurigana, which can be misleading.That's because words with okurigana often have kun'yomi readings, therefore, you'd assume the lack of okurigana implies the word should be read with the on'yomi reading, but if the okurigana is deliberated omitted, it's then a kun'yomi reading without okurigana.
For example: arigatou 有難う and arigatou 有り難う. It's the same word, but the first one is missing the okurigana for the ari 有.
I've already said this, but I'll repeat: the okurigana is a hint to help the reader figure out which is the right kun'yomi reading of the kanji, and consequently what is the right word, and meaning. The okurigana is not an absolute requirement. It's the norm, yes, but it's not an absolute requirement.
If people see 後 without okurigana, they'll assume it's ato 後, or nochi 後, or go 後, they won't assume it's ushiro 後, because that's written with okurigana: ushiro 後ろ. However, 後 can be read as ushiro in a context where you already know that that is the word the kanji is representing. This doesn't happen often, but it can happen.
The Kanji Alone Represents The Word
There are situations where one would prefer, for stylistic reasons, for aesthetic, to write the Japanese word with kanji, because kanji looks prettier, more complex than kana. A single kanji is more visually pleasant in its design than an unbalanced mess of kanji and okurigana.For example, instead of writing kachi 勝ち, "victory," somoene might write the kanji alone 勝, and it'd be read as kachi, since the kanji represents the word "victory," which is kachi.
An example in the anime fandom: the terms okurigana, but they may also be written with the kanji alone: 攻 and 受.
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